Woodstock Festival

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Planning and preparation

Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of Michael Lang, John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, and Artie Kornfeld. It was Roberts and Rosenman who had the finances. They placed the following advertisement in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal under the name of Challenge International, Ltd.: oung men with unlimited capital looking for interesting, legitimate investment opportunities and business propositions.4]

Lang and Kornfeld noticed the ad, and the four men got together originally to discuss a retreat-like recording studio in Woodstock, but the idea evolved into an outdoor music and arts festival, although even that was initially envisioned on a smaller scale, perhaps featuring some of the big name artists who lived in the Woodstock area (such as Bob Dylan and The Band). There were differences in approach among the four: Roberts was disciplined, and knew what was needed in order for the venture to succeed, while the laid-back Lang saw Woodstock as a new, relaxed way of bringing business people together. There were further doubts over the venture, as Roberts wondered whether to consolidate his losses and pull the plug, or to continue pumping his own finances into the project. allure day spa

In April 1969, newly-minted superstars Creedence Clearwater Revival were the first act to sign a contract for the event, agreeing to play for $10,000. The promoters had experienced difficulty landing big-name groups prior to the Bay Area swamp rockers committing to play. Creedence drummer Doug Clifford later commented "Once Creedence signed, everyone else jumped in line and all the other big acts came on." Given their 3 a.m. start time and non-inclusion (at Creedence frontman John Fogerty's insistence) in the Woodstock film, Creedence members have expressed bitterness over their experiences at the famed festival. towel rack shelf

Woodstock was designed as a profit-making venture, aptly titled "Woodstock Ventures." It famously became a "free concert" only after it became obvious that the event was drawing hundreds of thousands more people than the organizers had prepared for. Tickets for the event cost US$18 in advance (equivalent to approx. US$105 in 2009 after adjusting for purchasing power, and US$75 after adjusting for inflation) and $24 at the gate for all three days. Ticket sales were limited to record stores in the greater New York City area, or by mail via a post office box at the Radio City Station Post Office located in Midtown Manhattan. Around 186,000 tickets were sold beforehand and organizers anticipated approximately 200,000 festival-goers would turn up. works toilet bowl cleaner

Woodstock Ventures made Warner Bros. an offer to make a movie about Woodstock. All Artie Kornfeld required was $100,000, on the basis that "it could have either sold millions or, if there were riots, be one of the best documentaries ever made," according to Kornfeld.

Selection of the venue

The crowd and stage in 1969.

The concert was originally scheduled to take place in the 300-acre (1.2 km2) Mills Industrial Park (412839 742149 / 41.477525N 74.36358W / 41.477525; -74.36358 (Mills Industrial Park)) in the town of Wallkill, New York, which Woodstock Ventures had leased for $10,000 in the Spring of 1969. Town officials were assured that no more than 50,000 would attend. Town residents immediately opposed the project. In early July the Town Board passed a law requiring a permit for any gathering over 5,000 people. On July 15, 1969, the Wallkill Zoning Board of Appeals officially banned the concert on the basis that the planned portable toilets would not meet town code. Reports about the ban, however, turned out to be a publicity bonanza for the festival.

Max Yasgur's farm in 1968.

According to Elliot Tiber in his 2007 book Taking Woodstock, Tiber offered to host the event on his 15 acres (61,000 m2) motel[clarification needed], and had a permit for such an event. He claims to have introduced the promoters to dairy farmer Max Yasgur. Lang, however, disputes Tiber's account, and says that Tiber introduced him to a real estate salesman, who drove him to Yasgur's farm without Tiber. Sam Yasgur, Max's son, agrees with Lang's account. Yasgur's land formed a natural bowl sloping down to Filippini Pond on the land's north side. The stage would be set at the bottom of the hill with Filippini Pond forming a backdrop. The pond would become a popular skinny dipping destination.

The organizers once again told Bethel authorities they expected no more than 50,000 people.

Despite resident opposition and signs proclaiming, "Buy No Milk. Stop Max's Hippy Music Festival," Bethel Town Attorney Frederick W. V. Schadt and building inspector Donald Clark approved the permits, but the Bethel Town Board refused to issue them formally. Clark was ordered to post stop work orders,

Free concert

The late change in venue did not give the festival organizers enough time to prepare. At a meeting three days before the event organizers felt they had two options. One option was to improve the fencing and security which might have resulted in violence, the other involved putting all their resources into completing the stage which would cause Woodstock Ventures to take a financial hit. The crowd which was arriving in greater numbers and earlier than anticipated made the decision for them. The fence was cut the night before the concert by UAW/MF Family prompting many more to show up.

The festival

The influx of attendees to the rural concert site in Bethel created a massive traffic jam. Fearing chaos as thousands began descending on the community, Bethel did not enforce its codes. Eventually, announcements on radio stations as far away as WNEW-FM in Manhattan and descriptions of the traffic jams on television news programs discouraged people from setting off to the festival. Arlo Guthrie made an announcement that was included in the film saying that the New York State Thruway was closed. The director of the Woodstock museum discussed below said this never occurred. To add to the problems and difficulty in dealing with the large crowds, recent rains had caused muddy roads and fields. The facilities were not equipped to provide sanitation or first aid for the number of people attending; hundreds of thousands found themselves in a struggle against bad weather, food shortages, and poor sanitation.

On the morning of Sunday, August 17, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller called festival organizer John Roberts and told him he was thinking of ordering 10,000 New York State National Guard troops to the festival. Roberts was successful in persuading Rockefeller not to do this. Sullivan County declared a state of emergency.

"We were ready to rock out and we waited and waited and finally it was our turn... ...there were a half million people asleep. These people were out. It was sort of like a painting of a Dante scene, just bodies from hell, all intertwined and asleep, covered with mud.

And this is the moment I will never forget as long as I live: a quarter mile away in the darkness, on the other edge of this bowl, there was some guy flicking his Bic, and in the night I hear, "Don't worry about it John. We're with you." I played the rest of the show for that guy."

John Fogerty regarding Creedence Clearwater Revival's 3 a.m. start time at Woodstock.

Although the festival was remarkably peaceful given the number of people and the conditions involved, there were two recorded fatalities: one from what was believed to be a heroin overdose and another caused in an accident when a tractor ran over an attendee sleeping in a nearby hayfield. There also were two births recorded at the event (one in a car caught in traffic and another in a hospital after an airlift by helicopter) and four miscarriages. Oral testimony in the film supports the overdose and run-over deaths and at least one birth, along with many logistical headaches.

Yet, in tune with the idealistic hopes of the 1960s, Woodstock satisfied most attendees. There was a sense of social harmony, the quality of music, and the overwhelming mass of people, many sporting bohemian dress, behavior, and attitudes.

After the concert, Max Yasgur, who owned the site of the event, saw it as a victory of peace and love. He spoke of how nearly half a million people filled with possibilities of disaster, riot, looting, and catastrophe spent the three days with music and peace on their minds. He states that "if we join them, we can turn those adversities that are the problems of America today into a hope for a brighter and more peaceful future..."

Sound

Sound for the concert was engineered by Bill Hanley, whose innovations in the sound industry have earned him the prestigious Parnelli Award. "It worked very well," he says of the event. "I built special speaker columns on the hills and had 16 loudspeaker arrays in a square platform going up to the hill on 70-foot [21 meter] towers. We set it up for 150,000 to 200,000 people. Of course, 500,000 showed up." ALTEC designed 4-15 marine ply cabinets that weighed in at half a ton apiece, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) straight up, almost 4 feet (1.2 m) deep, and 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. Each of these woofers carried four 15-inch (380 mm) JBL LANSING D140 loudspeakers. The tweeters consisted of 4x2-Cell & 2x10-Cell Altec Horns. Behind the stage were three transformers providing 2,000 amperes of current to power the amplification setup. For many years this system was collectively referred to as the Woodstock Bins.

Performing artists

The Original Woodstock Poster with the Wallkill, New York location

Main article: List of performances and events at Woodstock Festival

Thirty-two acts performed over the course of the four days:

Friday, August 15

Richie Havens

Swami Satchidananda - gave the invocation for the festival

Sweetwater

The Incredible String Band

Bert Sommer

Tim Hardin

Ravi Shankar

Melanie

Arlo Guthrie

Joan Baez

Saturday, August 16

Quill, forty-minute set of four songs

Keef Hartley Band

Country Joe McDonald

John Sebastian

Santana

Canned Heat

Mountain

Grateful Dead

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Janis Joplin with The Kozmic Blues Band

Sly & the Family Stone

The Who began at 4 a.m., kicking off a 25-song set including Tommy

Jefferson Airplane

Sunday, August 17 to Monday, August 18

The Grease Band

Joe Cocker

Country Joe and the Fish

Ten Years After

The Band

Blood, Sweat & Tears

Johnny Winter featuring his brother, Edgar Winter

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

Paul Butterfield Blues Band

Sha-Na-Na

Jimi Hendrix

Declined invitations

The Beatles woodstockstories.com presents two scenarios as to why The Beatles did not perform. The first is that promoters contacted John Lennon to discuss a Beatles performance at Woodstock and Lennon said that the Beatles would not play unless there was also a spot at the festival for Yoko Ono's Plastic Ono Band whereupon he was turned down. The website claims the more likely explanation is that Lennon wanted to play but his entry into the United States from Canada was blocked by President Nixon.[unreliable source?]

The Doors were considered as a potential performing band, but canceled at the last moment; according to guitarist Robby Krieger, they turned it down because they thought it would be a "second class repeat of Monterey Pop Festival", and later regretted that decision . Furthermore, lead singer Jim Morrison was said to be uneasy about performing in front of enormous crowds. Doors drummer John Densmore attended, however, and in the film he can be seen on the side of the stage during Joe Cocker's set.

Led Zeppelin were asked to perform, their manager Peter Grant stating: "We were asked to do Woodstock and Atlantic were very keen, and so was our U.S. promoter, Frank Barsalona. I said no because at Woodstock we'd have just been another band on the bill". Instead the group went on with their hugely successful summer tour, playing that weekend south of the festival at the Asbury Park Convention Hall in New Jersey. Their only time out taken was to attend Elvis Presley's show at the International Hotel in Las Vegas, on August 12.

Jethro Tull declined to perform. According to Ian Anderson, when his manager told him there would be lots of drugs, mud and hippies, he refused the invitation. Although Jethro Tull did not perform, their music was played over the public address system. In the film, during the interview with the promoters (where they are discussing how much money they will be losing on the venture), the songs "Beggar's Farm" and "Serenade to a Cuckoo", from the album This Was, can be heard in the background.

The Byrds were invited, but chose not to participate, figuring Woodstock to be no different from any of the other music festivals that summer. There were also concerns about money. As bassist John York remembers: "We were flying to a gig and Roger [McGuinn] came up to us and said that a guy was putting on a festival in upstate New York. But at that point they weren't paying all of the bands. He asked us if we wanted to do it and we said, 'No'. We had no idea what it was going to be. We were burned out and tired of the festival scene. [...] So all of us said, 'No, we want a rest' and missed the best festival of all.'"

Tommy James and the Shondells declined an invitation. Lead singer Tommy James stated later: "We could have just kicked ourselves. We were in Hawaii, and my secretary called and said, 'Yeah, listen, there's this pig farmer in upstate New York that wants you to play in his field.' That's how it was put to me. So we passed, and we realized what we'd missed a couple of days later."

Bob Dylan was in negotiations to play, but pulled out when his son became ill. He also was unhappy about the number of hippies piling up outside his house near the originally planned site.

The Moody Blues were included on the original Wallkill poster as performers, but decided to back out after being booked in Paris the same weekend.

Spirit also declined an invitation to play, as they already had shows planned and wanted to play those instead, not knowing how big Woodstock would be.

Joni Mitchell was originally slated to perform, but canceled at the urging of her manager to avoid missing a scheduled appearance on The Dick Cavett Show.

Media coverage

Very few reporters from outside the immediate area were on the scene. During the first few days of the festival, national media coverage emphasized the problems. Front page headlines in the New York Daily News read "Traffic Uptight at Hippiefest" and "Hippies Mired in a Sea of Mud." Coverage became more positive by the end of the festival, in part because the parents of concertgoers called the media and told them, based on their children's phone calls, that their reporting was misleading.

The New York Times covered the prelude to the festival and the move from Wallkill to Bethel. Times reporter Barnard Collier, who reported from the event for the Times, asserts that he was pressured by on-duty editors at the paper to write a misleadingly negative article about the event. According to Collier, this led to acrimonious discussions and his threat to refuse to write the article until the paper's executive editor, James Reston, agreed to let him write the article as he saw fit. The eventual article dealt with issues of traffic jams and minor lawbreaking, but went on to emphasize cooperation, generosity, and the good nature of the festival goers. When the festival was over, Collier wrote another article about the exodus of fans from the festival site and the lack of violence at the event. The chief medical officer for the event and several local residents were quoted as praising the festival goers.

Middletown, New York's Times Herald-Record, the only local daily newspaper, editorialized against the law that banned the festival from Wallkill. During the festival a rare Saturday edition was published. The paper had the only phone line running out of the site, and it used a motorcyclist to get stories and pictures from the impassible crowd to the newspaper's office 35 miles away in Middletown.

The film

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Main article: Woodstock (film)

The documentary film, Woodstock, directed by Michael Wadleigh and edited by Thelma Schoonmaker and Martin Scorsese, was released in 1970. Artie Kornfeld (one of the promoters of the festival) came to Fred Weintraub, an executive at Warner Bros., and asked for money to film the festival. Previously, Artie had been turned down everywhere else, but Fred Weintraub became his hero and, against the express wishes of other Warner Bros. executives, Weintraub put his job on the line and gave Kornfeld $100,000 to make the film. Woodstock helped to save Warner Bros at a time when the company was on the verge of going out of business. The book Easy Riders, Raging Bulls details the making of the film.

Wadleigh rounded up a crew of about 100 from the New York film scene. With no money to pay the crew, he agreed to a double-or-nothing scheme, in which the crew would receive double pay if the film succeeded and nothing if it bombed. Wadleigh strived to make the film as much about the hippies as the music, listening to their feelings about compelling events contemporaneous with the festival (such as the Vietnam War), as well as the views of the townspeople.

Woodstock received the Academy Award for Documentary Feature. The film has been deemed culturally significant by the United States Library of Congress. In 1994, Woodstock: The Director's Cut was released and expanded to include Janis Joplin as well as additional performances by Jefferson Airplane, Jimi Hendrix, and Canned Heat not seen in the original version of the film. In 2009, the film was re-released on DVD. This release marks the film's first availability on Blu-ray disc.

The albums

Two "soundtrack" albums were released. The first, Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More, was a 3-LP (later 2-CD) album containing a sampling of one or two songs by most of the acts who performed. A year later, Woodstock 2 was released as a 2-LP album. Both albums included recordings of stage announcements (e.g., "[We're told] that the brown acid is not specifically too good", "Hey, if you think really hard, maybe we can stop this rain") and crowd noises (i.e., the "rain chant") between songs. In 1994, a third album, Woodstock Diary was released. Tracks from all three albums, as well as numerous additional, previously-unreleased performances from the festival, but not the stage announcements and crowd noises, were reissued by Atlantic as a 4-CD box set titled Woodstock: Three Days of Peace and Music.

An album titled Jimi Hendrix: Woodstock also was released in 1994, featuring only selected recordings of Jimi Hendrix at the festival. A longer double-disc set, Live at Woodstock (1999) features nearly every song of Hendrix's performance, omitting just two pieces that were sung by his rhythm guitarist.

In 2009, complete performances from Woodstock by Santana, Janis Joplin, Sly & the Family Stone, Jefferson Airplane, and Johnny Winter were released separately by Sony BMG/Legacy, and were also collected in a box set entitled The Woodstock Experience. Also in 2009, Rhino Records issued a 6-CD box set, Woodstock: 40 Years On: Back to Yasgur's Farm, which includes further musical performances as well as stage announcements and other ancillary material.

Aftermath

Max Yasgur refused to rent out his farm for a 1970 revival of the festival, saying "As far as I know, I'm going back to running a dairy farm." Yasgur sold the farm in 1971 and died in 1973.

Bethel voters tossed out their supervisor in an election held in November 1969 because of his role in bringing the festival to the town. New York State and the town of Bethel passed mass gathering laws designed to prevent any more festivals from occurring. Attempts were made to prevent people from visiting the site, its owners spread chicken manure, and during one anniversary tractors and state police cars formed roadblocks. 20,000 people gathered at the site in 1989 during an impromptu 20th anniversary celebration. A local man put up a monument at the site, and in 1997 a community group put up a welcoming sign for visitors. Unlike in Bethel, the Town of Woodstock made several efforts to cash in on its notoriety. Bethel's stance changed in recent years, and the town now embraces the festival. Efforts have begun to forge a link between Bethel and Woodstock.

Approximately 80 lawsuits were filed against Woodstock Ventures. The movie financed the settlements and paid off Woodstock Ventures' $1.4 million dollars of debt it had incurred from the festival.

Woodstock site today

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A plaque has been placed at the original site commemorating the festival. The field and the stage area remain preserved in their rural setting. On the field are the remnants of a neon flower and bass from the original concert. In the middle of the field, there is a totem pole with wood carvings of Jimi Hendrix in the middle, Janis Joplin on top, and Jerry Garcia on the bottom. A concert hall has been erected up the hill, and the fields of the old Yasgur farm are still visited by people of all generations.

Max Yasgur's Farm in 1999

In 1997, the site of the concert and 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) surrounding was purchased by Alan Gerry for the purpose of creating the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts. The Center opened on July 1, 2006, with a performance of the New York Philharmonic. On August 13, 2006, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young performed to 16,000 fans at the new Center 37 years after their historic performance at Woodstock.

The Museum at Bethel Woods opened in June 2008. The Museum contains film and interactive displays, text panels, and artifacts which explore the unique experience of the Woodstock festival, its significance as the culminating event of a decade of radical cultural transformation, and the legacy of the Sixties and Woodstock today.

Woodstock 40th anniversary

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There was worldwide media interest in the 40th anniversary of Woodstock in 2009. A number of activities to commemorate the festival took place around the world. On August 15, at the Bethel Center for the Arts overlooking the original site, the largest assembly of Woodstock performing alumni since the original 1969 festival performed in an eight-hour concert in front of a sold-out crowd. Hosted by Country Joe McDonald, the event opened with 15-year-old guitarist Conrad Oberg, who re-created Jimi Hendrix The Star-Spangled Banner. The concert featured Big Brother and the Holding Company performing Janis Joplin's hits (she actually appeared with the Kozmic Blues Band at Woodstock, although that band did feature former Big Brother guitarist Sam Andrew), Canned Heat, Ten Years After, Jefferson Starship, Mountain and the headliners, The Levon Helm Band. At Woodstock, Levon Helm played drums and was one of the lead vocalists with The Band. Paul Kantner was the only member of the 1969 Jefferson Airplane line-up to appear with Jefferson Starship. Tom Constanten, who played keyboard with Grateful Dead at Woodstock, joined Jefferson Starship on stage for several numbers. Jocko Marcellino from Sha Na Na also appeared, backed up by Canned Heat. Richie Havens, who opened the Woodstock festival in 1969, appeared at a separate event the previous night. Crosby, Stills & Nash and Arlo Guthrie also marked the anniversary with live performances at Bethel earlier in August 2009.

Another event occurred in Hawkhurst, Kent (UK), at a Summer of Love party, with acts including two of the participants at the original Woodstock, Barry Melton of Country Joe and the Fish and Robin Williamson of The Incredible String Band, plus cover bands for Santana and the Grateful Dead.

Also in 2009, Michael Lang and Holly George-Warren published The Road to Woodstock, which describes Lang's involvement in the creation of the Woodstock Music & Arts Festival, and includes personal stories and quotes from central figures involved in the event.

Cultural references

As one of the biggest rock festivals of all time and as a cultural touchstone for the late Sixties, Woodstock has been referenced in many different ways in popular culture. The phrase "The Woodstock Generation" became part of the common lexicon. Tributes and parodies of the festival began almost as soon as the final chords sounded. Charles Schultz is credited with naming his recurring Peanuts bird character "Woodstock" in tribute to the festival. In April 1970 Mad magazine published "I Remember, I Remember (The Wondrous Woodstock Fair)" that parodies the traffic jams and the challenges of getting close enough to actually hear the music.[citation needed] In 1973, the stage show National Lampoon's Lemmings portrayed the "Woodchuck" festival, featuring parodies of many Woodstock performers.[citation needed]Lemmings performer John Belushi reprised his Joe Cocker impersonation during his Saturday Night Live tenure.[citation needed]

Gallery

The Woodstock stage area facing sloping field at Bethel Woods

Woodstock plaque

A man points to where the original stage stood in 1969

See also

Taking Woodstock

Przystanek Woodstock

References

^ http://www.woodstock69.com/wsrprnt1.htm

^ "State Investigating Handling of Tickets At Woodstock Fair". New York Times: p. 45. August 27, 1969.  Michael Lang stated 400,000 attended, half did not have a ticket.

^ "Woodstock in 1969". Rolling Stone. 2004-06-24. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6085488/woodstock_in_1969. Retrieved 2008-04-17. 

^ a b c d Robert Stephen Spitz. Barefoot in Babylon. The Viking Press, New York. 

^ a b Bordowitz, Hank (2007). Bad Moon Rising: The Unauthorized History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, Incorporated. pp. 390. ISBN 10-1-55652-661-X. 

^ CPI Conversion factors 1774 to est. 2018, in dollars of 1996

^ "BBC ON THIS DAY - 1969: Woodstock music festival ends". 1969-08-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/18/newsid_2760000/2760911.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-17. 

^ a b "How Woodstock Came To Be...(continued)". http://www.oocities.com/~music-festival/how-w2.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-17. 

^ Tiber, Elliot. "How Woodstock Happened... Part 1, Discoverynet, reprinted from The Times Herald-Record, Woodstock Commemorative Edition (1994)

^ a b http://www.woodstock69.com/wsrprnt3.htm

^ Tiber, Elliot. "How Woodstock Happened... Part 2, Discoverynet, reprinted from The Times Herald-Record, Woodstock Commemorative Edition (1994)

^ Tiber, Elliot; Tom Monte (2007). Taking Woodstock. SquareOne Publishers. ISBN 0757002935. 

^ Bleyer, Bill (2009-08-08). "The road to Woodstock runs through Sunken Meadow State Park.". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/road-to-woodstock-runs-through-sunken-meadow-1.1357820. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 

^ a b Shepard, Richard F. (1969-07-23). "Pop Rockl Festival Finds New Home". The New York Times. 

^ a b c d e f Woodstock Now & Then VH1 and The History Channel 2009 Documentary

^ McMillian, Jon. Garbage Guerrilla. New York Press

^ Collier, Barnard L. (August 16, 1969). "200,000 Thronging To Rock Festival Jam Roads Upstate". New York Times: pp. 1, 31.  A state police official said, "We're just going to reroute everybody; Sullivan County is filled up."

^ Woodstock Film

^ Hill, Michael (2009-07-17). "Happy 40th birthday Woodstock baby, if you exist". Associated Press. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gt-Otp7Z9HDOl0OrYThDqVcg2jVwD99G5ABG0. Retrieved 2009-07-25. 

^ "Statement on the Historical and Cultural Significance of the 1969 Woodstock Festival Site". http://www.woodstockpreservation.org/SignificanceStatement.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-17. 

^ a b "Tired Rock Fans Begin Exodus". New York Times. 1969-08-18. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0817.html. Retrieved 2008-04-17. 

^ Andy Bennett; Simon Warner (May 2004). Remembering Woodstock. Ashgate Publishing. 

^ Bill Hanley: Father of Festival Sound

^ http://www.billhanley.org/projects/1969_08_15-woodstock/ Bill Hanley: The Father of Festival Sound

^ Jerry Hopkins. Festival! The Book of American Music Celebrations. Macmillan Publishing 1970. New York. ISBN 0025801708

^ {http://www.3rdearmusic.com/hyarchive/hiddenyearsstory/pasafari.html From Live Peace in Toronto to the Thin End of Wedgies in Soweto

^ "Janis Joplin entry". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006-09-24. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306112/Janis-Joplin. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 

^ Woodstock Stories website

^ Lewis, Dave (1997). Led Zeppelin: The Concert File. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0711953079. 

^ "Interview with Ian Anderson". songfacts. http://www.songfacts.com/int/2009/09/ian-anderson-jethro-tull.html. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 

^ Johnny Rogan. The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited. Rogan House, London. p. 293. 

^ Liner notes to Tommy James and the Shondells: Anthology (album #R2 70920); compilation produced by Bill Inglot and Gary Peterson; Rhino Records Inc.; pp8&12.

^ Bob Dylan. Chronicles Volume One. p. 116. 

^ "Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why". http://www.woodstockstory.com/passingperformersbands.html. Retrieved 2009-04-15. 

^ Liner notes on their album "Clear"

^ Frank Houston. "Salon.com People: Joni Mitchell". Salon.com. http://archive.salon.com/people/bc/2000/04/04/mitchell/print.html. Retrieved 2009-08-04. 

^ a b Fornatale, Pete (2009). Back to the Garden: The Story of Woodstock. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 1416591192, 9781416591191. 

^ "Reporting Woodstock: Some contemporary press reflections on the festival" by Simon Warner in Remembering Woodstock, edited by Andy Bennett (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2004).

^ "How Woodstock Happened", Times-Herald Record and Elliot Tiber (1994). Reprinted by Woodstock69.com

^ Romm, Ethel Grodzins. "Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N Roll in Redneck Country" (2009)

^ "In His Own Words: The 'Record' on Woodstock"

^ "Woodstock: Celebrating the 40th Anniversary"

^ "The Official Academy Awards Database"

^ Rhino.com (2009-06-05). "Woodstock -- 40 Years On: Back to Yasgur's Farm boxed set". Press release. http://www.rhino.com/rzine/pressrelease.lasso?PRID=628. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 

^ "Max Yasgur Dies; Woodstock Festival Was on His Farm". The New York Times. 1973-02-09. 

^ Woodstock at 40: A tale of two towns Times-Herald Record August 13, 2009

^ Woodstock media frenzy as date draws closer Times-Herold Record August 13, 2009

^ "Back to the Garden, Without the Shock, or All That Mud, Jon Pareles, New York Times, August 16, 2009". http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/17/arts/music/17heroes.html. 

^ "Woodstock 40th anniversary: Richie Havens kicks off festivities, John W. Barry, Poughkeepsie Journal, August 14, 2009". http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20090814/ENT04/90814008/1038/ent/Woodstock-40th-anniversary-at-Bethel-Woods--Richie-Havens-has-finished-his-performance. 

^ UK Summer of Love party

Further reading

Roots of the 1969 Woodstock Festival: The Backstory to "Woodstock" WoodstockArts, 2009. ISBN 9780967926858.

The Road to Woodstock by Michael Lang. Ecco Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9780061576553.

Young Men With Unlimited Capital: The Story of Woodstock by Joel Rosenman. Scrivenery Press, 1999. ISBN 9781893818026.

1969: The Year Everything Changed by Rob Kirkpatrick. Skyhorse Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9781602393660.

Woodstock: The Oral History, 40th Anniversary Edition by Joel Makower. SUNY Press/Excelsior Editions, 2009. ISBN 9781438429748.

How Woodstock Happened Middletown Times Herald Record 1994 retrospective reprinted by Woodstock69.com

The Weather At Woodstock by Accuweather meteorologist Jesse Ferrell

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Woodstock

Woodstock Museum

Bethel Woods Center for the Arts/Woodstock Museum

The Woodstock Project

Radio Woodstock[dead link]

How Woodstock Happened Reprinted from the Times Herald-Record

Listen to Paul Ingles 2 Hour Public Radio Special Back To The Garden: Woodstock Remembered - 40th Anniversary (free)

Bethel Woods Center for the Arts & The Museum at Bethel Woods

"Woodstock: A New Nation", Book excerpt from "Aquarius Rising" by Robert Santelli

Woodstock Story

Woodstock at the Open Directory Project

The Woodstock Consensus by Rex Weiner, The Huffington Post

"Back to Woodstock": New Documentary Tracks Lives Transformed by Historic Music Festival - video by Democracy Now!

Elsewhere during Woodstock

Excerpt from ot, Skinny-Dipping, and Freedom Rock: Woodstock and the Year of the Outdoor Music Festival (P.2) by Rob Kirkpatrick

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Notable rock concerts

Woodstock

1969  1979  1989  1994  1999  2009

Other early festivals

Moondog Coronation Ball (1952)  Monterey Pop Festival (1967)  Schaefer Music Festival (19671976)  Atlanta International Pop Festival (1969)  Atlantic City Pop Festival (1969)  Isle of Wight Festival (1969)  Altamont Free Concert (1969)  Festival Express (1970)  Bath Festival (1970)  Atlanta International Pop Festival (1970)  Isle of Wight Festival (1970)  Avndaro (1971)  Mar y Sol Festival (1972)  Concert 10 (1972)  Wattstax (1972)  Summer Jam at Watkins Glen (1973)  California Jam (1974)  Volunteer Jam (1974)  World Series of Rock (19741980)  Canada Jam (1978)  Heatwave (1980)  US Festival (1982 & 1983)

Benefit concerts

The Concert for Bangladesh (1971)  John Sinclair Freedom Rally (1971)  Aloha from Hawaii (1973)  Music for UNICEF Concert (1979)  Concerts for the People of Kampuchea (1979)  Party in the Park (annual from 1982)  Live Aid (1985)  Farm Aid (1985)  Hear 'n Aid (1986)  Bridge School Benefit (1986)  Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute (1988)  Democratic songs dedicated for China (1989)  Moscow Music Peace Festival (1989)  The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert (1992)  NetAid (1999)  The Concert for New York City / America: A Tribute to Heroes / United We Stand: What More Can I Give (2001)  Thrash of the Titans (2001)  Party at the Palace (2002)  Concert for George (2002)  Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto (2003)  46664 (2003, 2005, 2007, 2008)  Tsunami Relief Cardiff (2005)  Tsunami Aid / WaveAid (2005)  Live 8 (2005)  A Concert for Hurricane Relief / Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast / From the Big Apple to the Big Easy (2005)  Concert for Diana (2007)  Live Earth (2007)  Ahmet Ertegn Tribute Concert (2007)  A Billion Hands Concert (2008)  Cocierto Alas (2008)  Sound Relief (2009)  The Clearwater Concert (2009)  Hope for Haiti Now (2010)

Benefit/Political tours

No Nukes (1979)  A Conspiracy of Hope (1986)  Human Rights Now! (1988)  Vote for Change (2004)  Deadheads for Obama (2008)

Other festivals and tours

102 JAMZ SuperJam  10,000 Lakes Festival  All Points West  All Tomorrow's Parties  Almost Acoustic Christmas  Austin City Limits  The Bamboozle  Beale Street Music Festival  Benicssim  BestFest  Bestival  The Big Chill  Big Day Out  Bloodstock  Bloodstock Open Air  Bonnaroo  Bumbershoot  Clash of the Titans (tour)  Coachella  Connect Music Festival  Cornerstone  Creamfields  Creation  Damnation  Diversafest  Don't Look Back  Dour Festival  Download  Dynamo Open Air  The Edge Festival  Edgefest  Electric Picnic  Eurockennes  EXIT  Family Values  Falls Festival  Fuji Rock  G3  Get Happy Tour  Gigantour  Give it a Name  Ghostfest  The Glade  Glastonbury  Global Gathering  Godiva  Gods Of Metal  Graspop Metal Meeting  GuilFest  H.O.R.D.E.  Hellfest Summer Open Air  Hurricane  Inland Invasion  Isle of Skye  Isle of Wight  Knebworth Concerts  K-Rockathon  Latitude Festival  Le Znith  Lilith Fair  Lollapalooza  Lowlands  Mayhem Festival  M'era Luna Festival  Metalcamp  Michigan Womyn's  Monsters of Rock  Montreux Jazz Festival  Music as a Weapon  Musikfest  NEARfest  Nova Rock Festival  Open'er Festival  Oxegen (Witnness)  Ozzfest  Palo Festival  Pentaport Rock Festival  Phoenix Festival  Pinkpop  Pitchfork Music Festival  Powerhouse Concert  Primavera Sound Festival  Projekt Revolution  Przystanek Woodstock  Pukkelpop  Radio 1's Big Weekend  Ragnark  Reading and Leeds Festivals  Rewind Festival  Rock Against Communism  Rock am Ring and Rock im Park  Rock al Parque  Rock in Rio  RockNess  Rockwave Festival  Rock Werchter  Roskilde Festival  Rothbury Festival  Sasquatch! Music Festival  Saturday Night Fiber  Slane  SnoCore  Snar  Sonisphere Festival  South by Southwest  Street Scene  Sudoeste  Summercase  Summerfest  Summer Camp  Summer Sonic  The Summer Slaughter Tour  Sziget Festival  T in the Park  Take Action Tour  Tennents ViTal  Truck Festival  Ultra Music Festival  V Festival (Australia  North America  United Kingdom)  Vegoose  Versus Cancer  Voodoo Experience  Vive Latino  Wacken Open Air  Wango Tango  Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival  Warped Tour  Wave-Gotik-Treffen  Weenie Roast  Winter Music Conference  Wireless Festival  WOMAD (Charlton Park  Reading)  Zoo TV Tour

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Hippies

History

Etymology of 'hippie'  Beat generation/Beatniks  Counterculture of the 1960s  Human Be-In  Red Dog Experience  San Francisco Sound  Haight-Ashbury  Drop City  Summer of Love  Monterey Pop Festival  The Farm  Woodstock Festival  Nambassa

People and groups

Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters  Diggers  Yippies  The Brotherhood of Eternal Love  Jesus movement  Rainbow Family  Deadhead  New Age travellers  Radical Faeries

Politics and ethics

Free love  Anti-authoritarianism  Simple living  Environmentalism  Pacifism  Communalism  Counterculture  Bohemianism  Make love, not war  Turn on, tune in, drop out

Culture and fashion

Psychedelia  Flower power  Hippie trail  Happening  Peace symbols  Bell-bottoms  Long hair  Tie-dye  Intentional community  Free festival  Music festival  List of films related to the hippie subculture  List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture

Music

Folk rock  Psychedelic rock  Folk music  Psych-folk  Progressive rock  Jam bands  Psychedelic trance  Psychedelic music  World music  New age music  Space rock

Related subjects

Subcultures  Underground press  New Age movement  Freak scene  Anti-war movement  Civil rights movement  Protests of 1968  New Left  UK underground  New social movements  Post-materialism  Neotribalism  Second Summer of Love

Coordinates: 414205 745249 / 41.70139N 74.88028W / 41.70139; -74.88028

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