Michelle Federer

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Michelle Federer
Born
December 5, 1973 (1973-12-05) (age35)
Occupation
actress
Spouse(s)
Norbert Leo Butz (2007-Present)
Michelle Federer (born December 5, 1973) is an American theatre and film actress.
Biography
Federer is the daughter of John and Claudia Federer. She grew up in Shaker Heights, Ohio where she was a student of the Shaker Theatre Arts Department, and she gained early experience working under the direction of Carol Pribble in the critically acclaimed University School Theater Program, where she first worked and became friends with future Wicked castmate Michael Seelbach. Federer's father John was a math teacher in the Shaker Heights Public School System teaching at Byron Junior High School (now Shaker Heights Middle School). As a teen, Michelle attended Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Training Center in New York. In 1995, Michelle graduated from Ithaca College with a BFA in Musical Theatre.
Her Broadway debut was made in 2003 as Nessarose, the character she originated, in Stephen Schwartz's musical, Wicked. Michelle, who was the longest-remaining member of the original principals, left the production on January 8, 2006 and was succeeded by fellow Wicked veteran and understudy Cristy Candler. She can be heard on the original "Wicked, The Musical" Soundtrack. Prior to "Wicked", she had understudied the role of Adele Rice in the 2001, Off-Broadway, Lincoln Center production of A Man of No Importance by Terrence McNally, Stephen Flaherty, and Lynn Ahrens.
Michelle has also been featured in many small film roles, such as Kinsey opposite Liam Neeson and Laura Linney. Most recently she appeared in the independent film Flannel Pajamas.
Michelle was featured in the Broadway play Three Days of Rain, in which she was the understudy for Julia Roberts in the roles of Nan and Lina. Now she's starring in the Atlantic Theatre Company's production of Anon as Allison. She is referred to by most of her fans as 'The Fed'.
Federer returned to the Gershwin Theatre on October 27, 2008 and took part in The Yellow Brick Road Not Taken, a selection of scenes and songs cut from early drafts of the musical Wicked which also featured her former cast members Shoshana Bean and Jennifer Laura Thompson.[1]
She is married to long-time boyfriend (and former Wicked costar) Norbert Leo Butz of St. Louis, Missouri U.S.A.
References
^ http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122439.html
External links
Michelle Federer at the Internet Movie Database
Michelle Federer at the Internet Broadway Database
BroadwayWorld.Com Biography: Michelle Federer
Categories: 1973 births | American film actors | American musical theatre actors | American stage actors | Ithaca College alumni | Living people | People from Cleveland, Ohio | People from Shaker Heights, Ohio | American theatre actor, 20th century birth stubs
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Ubicom

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Ubicom based in Sunnyvale, CA, develops communications and media processor (CMP) and software platforms that address the unique demands of real-time interactive applications and multimedia content delivery in the digital home. The company provides optimized system-level solutions to OEMs for a wide range of products including wireless routers, access points, VoIP gateways, streaming media devices, print servers and other network devices. Ubicom's unique multithreaded processor design, real-time operating system, and application-level solutions combine to ensure a high-quality user experience with unprecedented ease of use. Ubicom is a venture-backed, privately held company with corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California.
Company Milestones
Ubicom was founded as Scenix Semiconductor in 1996. The company operated under that name until 1999, and delivered a highly successful product family the SX Series of 8-bit microcontrollers, a product line which continues to generate revenue for the company today.
In 2000, Scenix became "Ubicom," a word derived from "ubiquitous communications," and a name that more accurately reflects the company's expanded vision to extend the Internet and make communications pervasive and transparent.
Apr 1999 Mayfield Fund leads $10 million equity investment in Scenix.Nov 2000 Scenix changes its name to Ubicom.Dec 2000 Ubicom debuts its IP2000 family of wireless network processors.Jan 2002 Ubicom releases software for 802.11b stations, workgroup bridges and access points.Feb 2002 Ubicom secures $16.9 million in Series D funding, led by high-profile Silicon Valley venture capital firm, Mayfield.Jun 2002 Ubicom secures design wins with three of the four largest WLAN device suppliers Buffalo Technology, D-Link Systems and Linksys.Nov 2002 Intersil and Ubicom demonstrate world's first 802.11g wireless access point.Apr 2003 Ubicom unveils groundbreaking IP3023 wireless network processor to wide industry acclaim.Apr 2003 Ubicom and Intersil first to enable access points with leading-edge security and support of 802.11g draft standard.Aug 2003 Ubicom names Douglas Spreng Chief Executive Officer.Apr 2004 Ubicom, Inc. secures $21 million in series II financing led by August Capital and Levensohn Venture Partners.May 2004 Ubicom and Atheros provide highest combined routing and wireless performance to the residential wireless LAN (WLAN) market.Oct 2004 Ubicom delivers StreamEngine technology for home/small office router market.Dec 2004 Ubicom's StreamEngine technology selected by D-Link for the industry's first gaming routers.Aug 2005 New wireless TV from Vestel based on Ubicom's network processor delivers faster response times for customers and better network throughput.Aug 2005 New Ubicom network accelerator based on StreamEngine solves broadband uplink bottleneck.Nov 2005 Owera and Ubicom have established a partnership to develop closely integrated, high-end VoIP products including integrated access devices (IADs) and FMC gateway solutions.Nov 2005 Ubicom technology selected for two new D-Link wireless routers.Dec 2005 Ubicom tool helps tune the Net for games.Jan 2006 Ubicom introduces the industry's first communications and media processors (CMPs) to power the digital home the StreamEngine 5000 family.Jan 2006 Ubicom shows new home networking capabilities in Microsoft Windows Vista; demonstrates LLTD technology at CES on routers powered by Ubicom.Mar 2006 Ubicom secures $20 million in Series 3 funding, led by Investcorp Technology Ventures.Apr 2006 Ubicom names Cathal Phelan President and Chief Executive Officer.May 2006 Kestrelink and Ubicom partner to introduce multifunction peripheral (MFP) reference design with unparalleled ease-of-use features.May 2006 Ubicom announces StreamEngine 5000 reference design with Wireless Intelligent Stream Handling (WISH) technology.Aug 2006 Ubicom's technology selected by D-Link for the award-winning SecureSpot Internet security device for home networks.Oct 2006 Ubicom's IP3023 network processor selected as foundation for D-Link DPR-1260 RangeBooster G multifunction print server.Nov 2006 Ubicom delivers first "Works with Windows Vista" router; StreamEngine 5000 technology offers home-networking device manufacturers a fast path to full integration with Windows Vista.Dec 2006 Ubicom brings media streaming to JVC's Sophisti DD-3 and DD-8 home entertainment systems.Nov 2008 Sitecom Europe BV introduces WL-308 Gaming Router with Ubicom Stream Engine.
Categories: Electronics companies of the United States | Companies based in Silicon Valley
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USS Brush (DD-745)

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Career (US)
Namesake:
Charles F. Brush
Builder:
Bethlehem Steel, Staten Island
Laid down:
30 July 1943
Launched:
28 December 1943
Commissioned:
17 April 1944
Decommissioned:
27 October 1969
Struck:
27 October 1969
Fate:
sold to Taiwan 9 December 1969
Career (ROC)
Name:
Hsiang Yang
Acquired:
9 December 1969
Struck:
1984
Fate:
Transferred to Naval Weapons School, and later broken up for scrap
General characteristics
Class and type:
Allen M. Sumner class destroyer
Displacement:
2,200 tons
Length:
376 ft 6 in (114.8 m)
Beam:
40 ft (12.2 m)
Draft:
15 ft 8 in (4.8 m)
Propulsion:
60,000 shp (45 MW);2 propellers
Speed:
34 knots (63 km/h)
Range:
6500 nmi. (12,000 km) @ 15 kt
Complement:
336
Armament:
6 5 in./38 guns (12 cm),12 40mm AA guns,11 20mm AA guns,10 21 in. torpedo tubes,6 depth charge projectors,2 depth charge tracks
USS Brush (DD-745), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Charles Brush.
Brush (DD-745) was launched 28 December 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Staten Island, New York; sponsored by Miss Virginia Perkins, great-granddaughter of Charles Brush; and commissioned 17 April 1944, Commander J. E. Edwards in command.
Contents
1 World War II
2 Korea
3 Fate
4 References
5 External links
//
World War II
On 30 August 1944 Brush arrived at Pearl Harbor and after training got underway for Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, 28 September. From Eniwetok she escorted convoys to Ulithi and the Palau Islands.
Serving with the 5th and 3rd Fleets she took part in the Leyte operation (5 November-16 December 1944); Luzon-Formosa-China coast-Nansei Shoto strikes (3-22 January 1945); invasion of Iwo Jima and the supporting 5th Fleet raids (15 February-5 March), and Okinawa operation (17 March-27 April), including the 21 April bombardment of Minami Daito Shima. She retired to Ulithi, Caroline Islands, where she lay 30 April-10 May before joining the 5th Fleet for the projected invasion of Kyushu, Japan. Brush lay at anchor in Leyte Gulf from 13 June to 1 July 1945 and then departed for a raid on the Japanese island of Hokkaid?. On 22 July Brush and other destroyers of her squadron conducted an anti-shipping sweep near the entrance of Tokyo Bay. She remained in this area on air-sea rescue duty until 14 September when she steamed into Tokyo Bay. On 24 September 1945 she left the Far East for the United States.
She arrived at Seattle, Washington, 15 October 1945 and operated along the west coast until early 1946 when she departed for Guam. She remained at Guam until 9 March and then steamed to Tsingtao, China, arriving on the 19th. With the exception of two voyages to the Philippine Islands, she operated in the East China Sea between Tsingtao and Shanghai until January 1947. Brush returned to Guam 18 January 1947 for repairs. Repairs completed 16 February 1947, she sailed to San Diego, via Saipan, Kwajalein, and Pearl Harbor, arriving 24 March. Until May 1950 Brush remained on the west coast participating in local operations, plane guard duties, and type training.
Korea
In May 1950 she was ordered to the Far East and entered Formosan waters as a unit of TF 77 on 29 June 1950. She screened the carrier units during the United Nations air strikes against North Korea and participated in shore bombardment. On 26 September 1950 while shelling the shore off Tanchon, Korea, Brush struck a mine, ripping her midships section and breaking her keel. Thirteen men were killed and 31 injured. Brush received temporary repairs at Japan and returned under her own power to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, arriving 22 December 1950.
Almost a year later Brush departed on her second Korean cruise. She stopped at Pearl Harbor for one month and then joined TF 77 for anti-submarine and anti-aircraft duties off Korea until 25 February 1952. In March Brush was assigned to the Formosan patrol and then participated in hunter-killer exercises off Okinawa. She returned to Japan 12 April and joined the blockade of Korea's west coast with TF's 95 and 77. She returned to San Diego 26 June 1952.
Brush operated off the California coast until February 1953 when she commenced her third Korean cruise. She returned to the United States 30 August.
Brush conducted seven more Western Pacific deployments over the next decade (4 May - 5 Dec 54; 30 55 Jun - 15 56 Feb; 31 57 Aug - 1 58 Mar; 25 58 Oct - 22 59 Apr; 1 Jan - 28 60 Jul; 29 61 Jul - 9 62 Mar; 13 Mar - 1 64 Oct), each involving carrier escort, ASW exercises and the occasional Formosa patrol. During the last 1964 deployment, Brush cruised in the Gulf of Tonkin as...(and so on)

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Hydraulic bicycle

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A hydraulic bicycle is a chainless bicycle that transfers power to the pedals by means of a liquid passing through tubes from hydraulic pump to hydraulic motor and back.
Advantages include:
Shifting, through valves and displacement, provides either continuously variable gearing or more steps.
Shifts smoothly under full power.
Drive transmits power while pedaling forward and backward. Thus racers can power bicycle through turns by alternating short forward and backward pedal strokes. No slack or backlash occurs, in either direction. Ability to coast is maintained.
Mechanism is clean and operates silently.
Far fewer moving parts (about 10 vs over 70), all of which are continuously bathed in clean lubricating fluid, require far less maintenance.
Sealed systems maintain constant efficiency upwards of 95% in all conditions (see Hydristor). In contrast, a chain-and-sprocket system loses efficiency in bad weather and dirt from 97% in lab conditions down to less than 80%.
Sealed systems require much less maintenance than open chain system.
Front or two-wheel drive systems now possible.
ABS braking: drive doubles as hydraulic brake, eliminating the weight, cost, and maintenance of regular brakes.
Production models of some designs would be comparable in weight and cost to chain-and-sprocket designs.
The hydraulic (hydrostatic) transmission could be very useful for recumbent bicycles because the hoses are much easier to fit on than the long chain.
Energy recuperation, storage and power assist could be added easily.
Disadvantages include:
Implementations to date are heavier than those of bicycle chain and sprocket designs. These comparisons, however, are based on laboratory prototypes, which also provide a special means of measuring performance (a feature unnecessary in production).
External links
Cannondale Jacknife (Hydraulic Concept Bike)
Powercurve Liquid Drive Bicycle
Engineering Students Compete To Redesign The Bicycle: hydraulic and pneumatic designs
First Annual Chainless Challenge: Fluid-Powered Bicycles
[[Category:Cycle types]t]
This cycling-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Cycling stubs
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FN (motorcycle)

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FN (Fabrique Nationale de Herstal) was a Belgian company established in 1899 to make arms and ammunition, and from 1901 to 1967 was also a motorcycle manufacturer. FN manufactured the world's first four cylinder motorcycle,[1] was famous for the use of shaft drive in all models from 1903 to 1923, achieved success in sprint and long distance motorcycle racing, and after 1945, also in motocross.[2]
Contents
1 Early FN motorcycle history
1.1 The FN Four
2 After WWI
3 After WWII
3.1 Mopeds
3.2 End of FN motorcycle production
4 FN racing and competitions
4.1 1908 Isle of Man TT
4.2 1914 Isle of Man TT
4.3 1931 Isle of Man TT
4.4 1937 Supercharged ohc twin
4.5 Lambert Schepers and FN (1952 - 1988)
4.6 European Motocross 500 GP 1952 - 1957
4.7 World Championship Motocross 500 GP 1957 - 1959
4.8 Motocross Des Nations 500cc 1950 - 1959
5 Sources
//
Early FN motorcycle history
In 1899 FN made shaft and chain driven bicycles, and in 1900 experimented with a clip-on engine. In December 1901 the first 133cc single cylinder motorcycle was built, followed in 1903 by a shaft driven 188cc single cylinder motorcycle. In 1904 a 300cc single cylinder motorcycle was produced. In 1909 the two speed singles had camshafts to open the inlets, instead of the earlier utomatic valves. Starting from 1912 the singles had a hand lever clutch and foot pedal rear brake.[3]

1913 FN
The FN Four
In 1905 the first 362cc shaft drive in-line FN inlet-over-exhaust four cylinder motorcycle appeared, designed by Paul Kelecom. This was the world's first manufactured four cylinder motorcycle.[1] By 1907 the Four engine had grown to 412cc, and that year's single cylinder 244cc FN motorcycle was the first bike with a multiple ratio belt drive system, using a patented variable size engine pulley. For 1908, the US Export model began manufacture. The Four had a 493cc engine, and in 1910 that became 498cc.[3] This bike weighed 75kg (165lb) dry, and could do 40mph (64km/h).[1]The 1913 Fours had a two speed gearbox and clutch, at the rear of the shaft drive, and bicycle pedals were permanently replaced with footrests from then on. For 1914 the FN ype 700 748cc Four was released, with the gearbox at the rear of the engine.[3]
After WWI
By the end of World War I, after having to manufacture motorcycles for their occupiers,[1] FN had few parts left, and some suppliers had gone. From 1921 the letter "T" was added to model names. The Type 700T Four had a three speed gearbox. In 1922 the Type 285TT single had an improved cylinder head. Also the first racer, the Type VII was built.[3]
From 1924 all models had the less expensive chain drive. Most of these were sv and ohv 348cc and 498cc singles. There were also 596cc ohv machines. From 1924 FN single cylinder engines changed from semi unit construction (as seen in the last semi-unit single, the 1922 FN 285TT, in its last year of sale in 1924,) to unit construction engines (as seen in the new-for-1924 M.60). A new chain driven M.50 Four was released with a new Amac carburettor and front brakes.[4] In 1931 a Villiers 198cc two-stroke FN model appeared. In 1938 the M.12 992cc air-cooled sv flat twin was built for military use, and the all alloy M.11 was released in 350cc ohv, 500cc sv and 600cc sv models. Then World War II intervened. An M.12 Tri-car was developed and produced for military use.[4]
After WWII
After the War FN built unit construction sv and ohv 249cc, 344cc, 444cc, and 498cc models, and two-stroke models from 49cc singles, to 248cc twins. The two-stroke models used German JLO engines. The semi-unit engined Tri-car was released for civilian commercial use as the Tri-car T-8, with a five speed gearbox. In 1947 the M.XIII was available in 250cc ohv, 350cc ohv, 350cc sv, 450cc ohv, and 450cc sv configurations. The first model used an unusual patented Swiss coil sprung girder front fork and a new rubber rear suspension. In 1948 the Swiss forks were replaced with an adaptation of the rubber rear suspension, which was itself replaced with an improved version. In 1951 the option of telescopic forks was introduced. In 1954 a swing arm frame was introduced. By 1958 the M.XIII toolbox was part of the fuel tank.[5]
There was some success in motocross, with riders like Mingels, Leloup, and R Beaten, but FN withdrew from competition at the end of the 1950s.[2]
Famous designers who worked for FN include Paul Kelecom, Van Hout, Dougal Marchant, and George-William Pratchett.[2]
Famous pre-war racers associated with FN include Kicken, Flintermann, Lovinfosse, Lempereur, Sbaiz, De Grady, Milhoux, Charlier, Demuiter, Noir, Van Gent, Renier, S inger Wood, Walter Handley, Edward Mellors, and Abarth.[2]
Mopeds
In 1955 FN introduced a line of outsourced mopeds, built by Royal Nord. For the...(and so on)

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Reciprocity (photography)

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In photography and holography, reciprocity refers to the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity time. Therefore, the same response (for example, the optical density of the developed film) can result from reducing duration and increasing light intensity, and vice versa.
The reciprocal relationship is assumed in most sensitometry, for example when measuring a Hurter and Driffield curve (optical density versus logarithm of total exposure) for a photographic emulsion. Total exposure of the film or sensor, the product of focal-plane illuminance times exposure time, is measured in lux seconds.
Contents
1 History
2 In chemical photography
3 Reciprocity failure
4 Schwarzschild law
5 Quantum reciprocity-failure model
6 Astrophotography
7 Holography
8 References
9 External links
//
History
The idea of reciprocity, once known as Bunsenoscoe reciprocity, originated from the work of Robert Bunsen and Henry Roscoe in 1862.[1][2]
Deviations from the reciprocity law were reported by Captain William de Wiveleslie Abney in 1893,[3] and extensively studied by Karl Schwarzschild in 1899.[4][5][6]
In chemical photography
In photography, reciprocity refers to the relationship whereby the total light energy proportional to the total exposure, the product of the light intensity and exposure time, controlled by aperture and shutter speed, respectively determines the effect of the light on the film. That is, an increase of brightness by a certain factor is exactly compensated by a decrease of exposure time by the same factor, and vice versa. In other words there is under normal circumstances a reciprocal proportion between aperture area and shutter speed for a given photographic result, with a wider aperture requiring a faster shutter speed for the same effect. For example, an EV of 10 may be achieved with an aperture (f-number) of f/2.8 and a shutter speed of 1/125s. The same exposure is achieved by doubling the aperture area to f/2 and halving the exposure time to 1/250s, or by halving the aperture area to f/4 and doubling the exposure time to 1/60s; in each case the response of the film is expected to be the same.
Reciprocity failure
For most photographic materials, reciprocity is valid with good accuracy over a range of values of exposure duration, but becomes increasingly inaccurate as we depart from this range: reciprocity failure, reciprocity law failure, or Schwarzschild effect.[7] As the light level decreases out of the reciprocity range, the increase in duration, and hence of total exposure, required to produce an equivalent response becomes higher than the formula states; for instance, at half of the light required for a normal exposure, the duration must be more than doubled for the same result. Multipliers used to correct for this effect are called reciprocity factors (see model below).
At very low illuminance levels, film responds less than usual. Light can be considered to be a stream of discrete photons, and a light-sensitive emulsion is composed of discrete light-sensitive grains, usually silver halide crystals. Each grain must absorb a certain number of photons in order for the light-driven reaction to occur and the latent image to form. In particular, if the surface of the silver halide crystal has a cluster of approximately four or more reduced silver atoms, resulting from absorption of a sufficient number of photons (usually a few dozen photons are required), it is rendered developable. At low light levels, i.e. few photons per unit time, photons impinge upon each grain relatively infrequently; if the four photons required arrive over a long enough interval, the partial change due to the first one or two are not stable enough to survive before enough photons arrive to make a permanent latent image center.
This breakdown in the usual tradeoff between aperture and shutter speed is known as reciprocity failure. Each different film type has a different response at low light levels. Some films are very susceptible to reciprocity failure, and others much less so. Some films that are very light sensitive at normal illumination levels and normal exposure times lose much of their sensitivity at low light levels, becoming effectively "slow" films for long exposures. Conversely some films that are "slow" under normal exposure duration retain their light sensitivity better at low light levels. For example, compared at very long exposure times, Kodak's T-Max 100 speed film is faster than the nominally four-times faster Tri-X 400.[citation needed] Most film manufacturers publish reciprocity corrections.[citation...(and so on)

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Titanium powder

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Titanium powder metallurgy (P/M) offers the possibility of creating net shape or near net shape parts without the material loss and cost associated with having to machine intricate components from wrought billet. Powders can be produced by the Blended Elemental Technique or by Pre-Alloying and then consolidated by Metal Injection Moulding, Hot Isostatically Pressing , Direct Powder Rolling or Laser Engineered Net Shaping.
Contents
1 Blended Elemental Technique (BE)
2 Pre-Alloyed Powder Production
3 Powder Consolidation
4 Emerging Technologies
5 External links
//
Blended Elemental Technique (BE)
The traditional technique of titanium production is via the Kroll Process which involves chlorination of TiO2 ore in the presence of carbon and reacting the resulting TiCl4 with magnesium to produce titanium sponge. These processes take place at temperatures as high as 1040 . The sponge particle range in size from 45 to 180 ?m, with particles ~150 ?m termed ponge fines. These fines are irregularly shaped and porous with a sponge like morphology. The fines are then blended with alloy additions; cold compacted into a green compact at up to 415 MPa then vacuum sintered at 1260 to produce a 99.5% dense component. Hot Isostatically Pressing (HIP) can further increase the density of these parts and produce components more economically than cast or wrought parts, but the porosity present in the material degrades fatigue and fracture properties. The BE approach has been used to produce valves for the Toyota Altezza, golf club heads and softball bats. More recently, close to 100% dense Ti Grade 5 parts has been achieved using a hydrided powder along with 60:40 Al:V master alloy. The mechanical properties compare well with those exhibited by cast-and-wrought products. A cost estimate of less than $3.00 for a 0.320 gm automotive connection link has been made.
Pre-Alloyed Powder Production
Several techniques exist to produce pre-alloyed powder, such as Grade 5. In the Hydride-Dehydride process feedstock such as solid scrap, billet or machined turnings are processed to remove contaminants, hydrogenated to produce brittle material then ground under argon in a vibratory ball mill, typically at 400 for 4 hours at a pressure of 1psi for Ti Grade 5. The resulting particles are angular and measure between 50 and 300 ?m. Cold compaction after dehydrogenation of the powder, followed by either vacuum hot pressing (in this case the dehydrogenation process can be bypassed as hydrogen is removed under vacuum) or HIP and a final vacuum anneal, produces powders with hydrogen below 125 ppm. The possible presence of contaminants makes these powders unsuitable for use in critical aircraft applications.
In the Plasma Rotating Electrode Process (PREP), the feedstock, such as Ti Grade 5, is in the form of a rotating bar which is arced with gas plasma. The molten metal is centrifugally flung off the bar, cools down and is collected. The powders produced are spherical; between 100 and 300 ?m is size, with good packing and flow characteristics, making the powder ideal for high quality, near net shapes produced by HIP, such as aviation parts and porous coatings on hip prostheses.
In Gas Atomisation (TGA Process), titanium is vacuum induction skull melted in a water cooled copper crucible, the metal tapped and the molten metal stream atomized with a stream of high pressure inert gas. The tiny droplets are spherical and measure between 50 and 350 ?m. The TGA process has been used to produce a wide variety of materials such as CP titanium, conventional alpha-beta and beta alloys.
Powder Consolidation
Several metal consolidation techniques are used to produce the final product. Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) otherwise know as Powder Injection Moulding is a well-established and cost-effective method of fabricating small-to-moderate size metal components in large quantities. It is derived from the method plastic injection moulding, whereby mixing of a metal powder with a polymer binder forms the feedstock, which is then injected into a mould, after which the binder is removed via heat treatment under vacuum before final sintering. With titanium however, the binders used in MIM results in the introduction of carbon into the matrix due to insufficient binder removal prior to sintering and/or deleterious reactions between the decomposing binder, the debinding atmosphere, and the metal phase. This results in titanium parts with mechanical properties unsuited for critical aerospace applications, but suitable for parts where tensile and impact properties are less important. Recently, work has been carried out to reduce the binder to < 8% volume fraction, resulting in the complete removal of the binder from the moulded component during heat treatment. Work is still ongoing in this area.
Work is also progressing on the Direct Powder Rolling (DPR)...(and so on)

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Isabel Weld Perkins

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Isabel Weld Perkins (1877-1948), mostly known as Isabel Anderson after her marriage, was a Boston-area heiress and author who left a legacy to the public that includes a park and two museums.
Contents
1 Ancestry
2 Larz Anderson
3 Books
4 Croix de Guerre
5 Anderson House
6 Anderson Memorial Bridge
7 Perkins Manor
8 Weld Estate
9 Auto Collection
10 Bonsai Collection
11 The BC Eagle
12 References
13 External links
14 Bibliography
15 Sources
//
Ancestry
Main article: Weld Family
Born at 284 Marlborough Street in Boston's Back Bay[1], on both sides of her family Isabel Weld Perkins was descended from wealthy Boston Brahmin who traced their history back to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Generations of ancestors and relatives on both sides had been educated at Harvard, had traded with the Far East, and had built stately homes in Greater Boston (especially in what is now Jamaica Plain).
Isabel's father was Commodore George H. Perkins, the commander of the USS Cayuga during the American Civil War. The commodore's father had grown rich building mills in Contoocookville, New Hampshire and running a shipping firm in Boston that did business in West Africa.
Her mother was Anna Minot Weld, a wealthy socialite born to the Weld Family of Boston. When Isabel was only five years old, she inherited $17 million dollars from her grandfather William Fletcher Weld, making her the wealthiest woman in the world.[2]
Larz Anderson
Main article: Larz Anderson

The Andersons
In 1896, Perkins was a 20-year old debutante on a world tour. She made a stop in Rome and met Larz Anderson, a young Harvard-educated diplomat from an affluent and prestigious Cincinnati family.
They were married in Boston a year later and embarked on a life of luxury combined with public service and adventure. They traveled widely, making four trips around the world and throughout Europe and Asia. Anderson held a number of diplomatic posts, including a short stint as U.S. Ambassador to Japan.
A writer for the Boston Globe sums up Isabel and her marriage by saying:
...these Andersons? They were idle rich, born to money and accustomed to privilege -- but they were interesting people who left us something...Isabel did what rich young women did back then -- she "came out," summered in Newport, "springed" in New Hampshire, wintered in Boston, partied aplenty. In 1896, the debutante went to Europe, an young attractive woman with a considerable inherited fortune. She met Larz; he was smitten; they were married. He did the diplomat thing; she wrote books and plays. They split their time between Washington, D.C., and Brookline.[1]
Books
Isabel wrote a number of books; those that concern her family specifically are those of the most interest to historians. She also wrote several travelogues and volumes of poetry.
Her book Under the Black horse flag: Annals of the Weld family and some of its branches describes the transportation empire begun by her great-grandfather William Gordon Weld and details his descendants up to the time of writing.
She also edited the papers of her American Civil War hero father-in-law and published them as The letters and journals of General Nicholas Longworth Anderson; Harvard, civil war, Washington, 1854-1892.
Among her other works are Circling Africa, On the Move, Spell of Belgium, Topsy Turvy and the Gold Star,, Yacht in Mediterranean Seas and Zigzagging the South Seas. Most of her own personal papers are now part of the collection kept at Larz Anderson Auto Museum. Others are stored at New England Historic Genealogical Society.
Croix de Guerre
During World War I, Isabel worked for the American Red Cross as a volunteer of the District of Columbia Refreshment Corp. In 1918 she received the Croix de Guerre for her contributions.
Anderson House
Main article: Anderson House, DC
Weld money funded a luxurious mansion at Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. The Andersons made this their primary home. After Larz died, Isabel gave the property to the Society of the Cincinnati, of which Anderson was a member. Anderson House now serves as the society's national headquarters and a museum.
Anderson Memorial Bridge
Main article: Anderson Memorial Bridge
Weld money also built a bridge across the Charles River connecting Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts in honor of her father-in-law Nicholas Longworth Anderson. The bridge stands next to Weld Boathouse, a local landmark named after and paid for by her uncle, George Walker Weld.
Perkins Manor
Main article: Perkins Manor, Contoocook
In addition to her Weld inheritance from her mother's family, Isabel inherited a stately manor in New Hampshire from her commodore father. Larz and Isabel spent considerable time here...(and so on)

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