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FN (Fabrique Nationale de Herstal) was a Belgian company established in 1899 to make arms and ammunition, and from 1901 to 1967 was also a motorcycle manufacturer. FN manufactured the world's first four cylinder motorcycle,[1] was famous for the use of shaft drive in all models from 1903 to 1923, achieved success in sprint and long distance motorcycle racing, and after 1945, also in motocross.[2]
Contents
1 Early FN motorcycle history
1.1 The FN Four
2 After WWI
3 After WWII
3.1 Mopeds
3.2 End of FN motorcycle production
4 FN racing and competitions
4.1 1908 Isle of Man TT
4.2 1914 Isle of Man TT
4.3 1931 Isle of Man TT
4.4 1937 Supercharged ohc twin
4.5 Lambert Schepers and FN (1952 - 1988)
4.6 European Motocross 500 GP 1952 - 1957
4.7 World Championship Motocross 500 GP 1957 - 1959
4.8 Motocross Des Nations 500cc 1950 - 1959
5 Sources
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Early FN motorcycle history
In 1899 FN made shaft and chain driven bicycles, and in 1900 experimented with a clip-on engine. In December 1901 the first 133cc single cylinder motorcycle was built, followed in 1903 by a shaft driven 188cc single cylinder motorcycle. In 1904 a 300cc single cylinder motorcycle was produced. In 1909 the two speed singles had camshafts to open the inlets, instead of the earlier utomatic valves. Starting from 1912 the singles had a hand lever clutch and foot pedal rear brake.[3]

1913 FN
The FN Four
In 1905 the first 362cc shaft drive in-line FN inlet-over-exhaust four cylinder motorcycle appeared, designed by Paul Kelecom. This was the world's first manufactured four cylinder motorcycle.[1] By 1907 the Four engine had grown to 412cc, and that year's single cylinder 244cc FN motorcycle was the first bike with a multiple ratio belt drive system, using a patented variable size engine pulley. For 1908, the US Export model began manufacture. The Four had a 493cc engine, and in 1910 that became 498cc.[3] This bike weighed 75kg (165lb) dry, and could do 40mph (64km/h).[1]The 1913 Fours had a two speed gearbox and clutch, at the rear of the shaft drive, and bicycle pedals were permanently replaced with footrests from then on. For 1914 the FN ype 700 748cc Four was released, with the gearbox at the rear of the engine.[3]
After WWI
By the end of World War I, after having to manufacture motorcycles for their occupiers,[1] FN had few parts left, and some suppliers had gone. From 1921 the letter "T" was added to model names. The Type 700T Four had a three speed gearbox. In 1922 the Type 285TT single had an improved cylinder head. Also the first racer, the Type VII was built.[3]
From 1924 all models had the less expensive chain drive. Most of these were sv and ohv 348cc and 498cc singles. There were also 596cc ohv machines. From 1924 FN single cylinder engines changed from semi unit construction (as seen in the last semi-unit single, the 1922 FN 285TT, in its last year of sale in 1924,) to unit construction engines (as seen in the new-for-1924 M.60). A new chain driven M.50 Four was released with a new Amac carburettor and front brakes.[4] In 1931 a Villiers 198cc two-stroke FN model appeared. In 1938 the M.12 992cc air-cooled sv flat twin was built for military use, and the all alloy M.11 was released in 350cc ohv, 500cc sv and 600cc sv models. Then World War II intervened. An M.12 Tri-car was developed and produced for military use.[4]
After WWII
After the War FN built unit construction sv and ohv 249cc, 344cc, 444cc, and 498cc models, and two-stroke models from 49cc singles, to 248cc twins. The two-stroke models used German JLO engines. The semi-unit engined Tri-car was released for civilian commercial use as the Tri-car T-8, with a five speed gearbox. In 1947 the M.XIII was available in 250cc ohv, 350cc ohv, 350cc sv, 450cc ohv, and 450cc sv configurations. The first model used an unusual patented Swiss coil sprung girder front fork and a new rubber rear suspension. In 1948 the Swiss forks were replaced with an adaptation of the rubber rear suspension, which was itself replaced with an improved version. In 1951 the option of telescopic forks was introduced. In 1954 a swing arm frame was introduced. By 1958 the M.XIII toolbox was part of the fuel tank.[5]
There was some success in motocross, with riders like Mingels, Leloup, and R Beaten, but FN withdrew from competition at the end of the 1950s.[2]
Famous designers who worked for FN include Paul Kelecom, Van Hout, Dougal Marchant, and George-William Pratchett.[2]
Famous pre-war racers associated with FN include Kicken, Flintermann, Lovinfosse, Lempereur, Sbaiz, De Grady, Milhoux, Charlier, Demuiter, Noir, Van Gent, Renier, S inger Wood, Walter Handley, Edward Mellors, and Abarth.[2]
Mopeds
In 1955 FN introduced a line of outsourced mopeds, built by Royal Nord. For the...(and so on)